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Genetic Variation, Heritability and Genetic Advance Among Semi-Dwarf Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Recombinant Inbred Lines with Emphasis to Lodging
Getahun Bekana,
Kebebew Assefa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
92-104
Received:
21 August 2021
Accepted:
3 September 2021
Published:
11 September 2021
Abstract: Tef is the foremost cereal crop largely produced and consumed mostly in Ethiopia. It is grown on more than 3.1 million hectares annually. However, it’s productivity relatively low (1.85 t/ha). On the other hand, it gained recently global popularity “Super grain” as healthy and performance food due to its gluten free especially for celiac disease, diabetic and gluten allergy people. It has also high mineral contents like iron for anemia, bone and heart health as well as brain function. Lodging is a major constraint which affect both yields and quality of the grain as well as the straw. This experiment was led to assess genetic variability between the lines relating to lodging and other yield related traits. A total of forty-nine recombinant inbred lines were tested for 16 traits using simple lattice design on two sites. All the traits measured over the sites displayed highly significant differences among the lines except fertile tiller per plant, while their environmental interaction effect also highly significant for most of the traits measured. Grain yield showed the highest phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) (26.36%) followed by above ground biomass (23.16%), while the remaining traits showed low (<10%) to moderate (10-20%). Moderate (10-20%) genotypic coefficient of variation was recognized for above ground biomass. Plant height and panicle length showed high broad sense heritability (H2) (>60%), whereas half of the remained traits showed low (<30%) and moderate (30% to 60%) heritability. Genetic advance as percent of the mean (GAM) was the highest for above ground biomass (>17.02%) and least for number of branches per panicle (0.09%). From all the traits evaluated in this study, plant height, panicle length showed high H2 and aboveground biomass performs relatively high values of GCV, PCV and GAM. Therefore, these traits are important for selection and further improvements. This study revealed that four recombinant inbred lines had higher yield and low lodging index than local as well as standard checks.
Abstract: Tef is the foremost cereal crop largely produced and consumed mostly in Ethiopia. It is grown on more than 3.1 million hectares annually. However, it’s productivity relatively low (1.85 t/ha). On the other hand, it gained recently global popularity “Super grain” as healthy and performance food due to its gluten free especially for celiac disease, d...
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Physiological State Can Help Predict the Perceived Emotion of Music: Evidence from ECG and EDA Signals
Liang Xu,
Jie Wang,
Xin Wen,
Zaoyi Sun,
Rui Sun,
Liuchang Xu,
Xiuying Qian
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
105-119
Received:
12 August 2021
Accepted:
11 September 2021
Published:
23 September 2021
Abstract: As the soul of music, emotion information is widely used in music retrieval and recommendation systems because the pursuit of emotional experience is the main motivation for music listening. In the field of music emotion recognition, computer scientists investigated computation models to automatically detect the perceived emotion of music, but this method ignores the differences between listeners. To provide users with the most accurate music emotion information, this study investigated the effects of physiological features on personalized music emotion recognition (PMER) models, which can automatically identify an individual’s perceived emotion of music. Applying machine learning methods, we formed relations among audio features, physiological features, and music emotions. First, computational modeling analysis shows that physiological features extracted from electrocardiogram and electro-dermal activity signals can predict the perception of music emotion for some individuals. Second, we compared the performance of physiological feature-based perception and feeling models and observed substantial individual differences. In addition, we found that the performance of the perception model and the feeling model is related in predicting happy, relaxed, and sad emotions. Finally, by adding physiological features to the audio-based PMER model, the prediction effect of some individuals was improved. Our work investigated the relationship between physiological state and perceived emotion of music, constructed models with practical value, and provided a reference for the optimization of PMER systems.
Abstract: As the soul of music, emotion information is widely used in music retrieval and recommendation systems because the pursuit of emotional experience is the main motivation for music listening. In the field of music emotion recognition, computer scientists investigated computation models to automatically detect the perceived emotion of music, but this...
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Alcohol Drinking Habits and Its Leading Factors of Undergraduate Students: Using Cross-Sectional Study Design
Solomon Abebaw Andargie,
Assaye Belay Gelaw
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
120-126
Received:
26 July 2021
Accepted:
5 August 2021
Published:
26 September 2021
Abstract: Alcohol-related leading factors are prevalent, and the important public health problem. Alcohol has represented the issue of the global burden of disease. Alcohol consumption requires a consideration of the amount of alcohol consumed and drinking habits. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to determine the leading factor of the alcohol drinking habits of undergraduate students at Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia. The sample of 77 students were interviewed and selected by using a stratified random sampling technique. The data were collected by using self-structured questionnaires. The Binary logistic regression model was correctly fitted the data and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to test the goodness of fit of the model. SPSS statistical software (version 20) was used to analyze the data and a cross-tab table was used to summarize the descriptive statistics and chi-square test of independence. Out of 77 sampled students, forty-two (54.55%) of students have alcohol drinking habit and thirty-five (45.45%) of students have not alcohol drinking habit. The chi-square test showed that gender of an individual (p-value=0.039<0.05), departments (p-value=0.009<0.05) and initiation (p-value=0.009<0.05) were significantly associated with alcohol drinking habit of students in Mizan-Tepi University, in case of Tepi Campus, Ethiopia at 5% level of significance. The odds ratio of the mathematics department is 0.0076 times less likely to have alcohol-drinking habits as compared to biology department when all other variables are remaining constant and the study concluded that alcohol-drinking habit of students is high.
Abstract: Alcohol-related leading factors are prevalent, and the important public health problem. Alcohol has represented the issue of the global burden of disease. Alcohol consumption requires a consideration of the amount of alcohol consumed and drinking habits. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to determine the leading factor of the alcohol dr...
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The Effect of Masks and Travel with the Simulation of COVID-19 Pandemic
Wooseung Oh,
Jana Choe,
Yuna Jang
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
127-133
Received:
16 September 2021
Accepted:
9 October 2021
Published:
16 October 2021
Abstract: COVID-19 is a new type of infectious respiratory disease that has affected our lives enormously. Many restrictions have been enforced hoping to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Social distancing campaigns have been encouraged, masks have become mandatory and travel has been banned. Understanding the virus is vital in order to find a solution to end the suffering. In this project, we make our own attempt to simulate the spread of COVID-19 in hopes of understanding the spread of the pandemic. As a result, the project build a user-interactive design for the simulation of outbreaks. The project are able to set various parameters that we believe are still less understood. By tweaking these parameters in a well rounded simulation, we can test ideas and gain a visual understanding of what affects the spread. Solutions for flattening the curve were found, and distinguishing the policies that work from those that do not was available. In the project, travel was not restricted to their own region. The project focused more on international travel. The balls would be contained in their own region but at any given time, be able to travel to other contained regions. The effect of travel did not have much impact on the curve once the virus was spread to all regions. Travel restrictions seemed to have the most impact in the initial containment of the virus.
Abstract: COVID-19 is a new type of infectious respiratory disease that has affected our lives enormously. Many restrictions have been enforced hoping to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Social distancing campaigns have been encouraged, masks have become mandatory and travel has been banned. Understanding the virus is vital in order to find a solution t...
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Correlation Analysis of Serum Magnesium Concentration and Lipids in Health Population and Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Han Tuo,
Gong Hong,
Mehreen Fatima,
Li Ying,
Fan Yajie,
Song Wei,
Yao Zhihui,
Wang Qian,
Wang Congxia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
134-140
Received:
4 October 2021
Accepted:
30 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the lead cause of death around the world. Dyslipidemia is strongly associated with CVD. Magnesium (Mg) is an essential trace element involved in many vital biological process, such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Previous studies have showed that hypomagnesemia or Mg deficiency is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and CVD. Objective: To explore the correlation between serum magnesium (Mg) concentration and dyslipidemia in health subjects and type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: 3430 health subjects were selected and divided into adult (aged 18~59) and elderly (≥60 years) groups according to age. In addition, 63 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected. Propensity score based on age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and smoking history was matched at a ratio of 1:2 between patients and health controls. Results: There was a significant correlation between elevated serum Mg concentration and dyslipidemia in health adults, but no significant correlation between the two in the health elderly. Multiple linear regression showed that serum total cholesterol (TC), BMI and smoking in men while fasting plasma glucose and serum LDL-C in women were independent risk factors for elevated serum Mg concentration. Whereas, no significant correlation was found between serum Mg concentration and lipid levels in T2DM patients. Conclusion: Serum Mg concentration is correlated with serum lipids to a certain extent, while age, gender and disease status may also exert certain confound effects. The causal relationship between serum Mg and dyslipidemia needs to be further studied.
Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the lead cause of death around the world. Dyslipidemia is strongly associated with CVD. Magnesium (Mg) is an essential trace element involved in many vital biological process, such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Previous studies have showed that hypomagnesemia or Mg deficiency is associated with an incr...
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The Efficacy and Safety of OnabotulinumtoxinA with Different Dosages for the Treatment of Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Lijun Mu,
Enxu Xie,
Xinwei Zhang,
Juanhua Tian,
Meiyu Wang,
Dapeng Wu,
Yuefeng Du
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
141-148
Received:
6 October 2021
Accepted:
30 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: OnabotulinumtoxinA therapy has become widely used in overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), and many relevant articles have been published, however, there is no consensus regarding the clinical effect of onabotulinumtoxinA with the different dosages. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of 100 U, 200 U and 300 U onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of (OAB). In this project, We performed a comprehensive literature search, which was performed using EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials (from inception to February 2017). As a result, fourteen studies with 1999 participants were selected. For the efficacy, 200 U of OnabotulinumtoxinA was significantly superior to 100 U, especially in the maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) and maximum detrusor pressure (MDP). Also, its subjective cure rate showed the same tendency. There were no statistical differences between 200 U and 300 U in MCC, MDP and subjective cure rate. For the adverse events, there were no statistical differences among 100 U, 200 U and 300 U OnabotulinumtoxinA in urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary retention. Therefore, in our study. Compared to 100 U OnabotulinumtoxinA, 200 U OnabotulinumtoxinA has better efficacy while maintaining safety. Although 200 U OnabotulinumtoxinA is comparable to 300 U OnabotulinumtoxinA in terms of safety and efficacy, 200 U OnabotulinumtoxinA is a cost-effective intervention and may appear to be the optimal dosage for OAB populations.
Abstract: OnabotulinumtoxinA therapy has become widely used in overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), and many relevant articles have been published, however, there is no consensus regarding the clinical effect of onabotulinumtoxinA with the different dosages. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of 100 U, 200 U and 300 U ...
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Effects of Adding Dietary Fiber on the Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Metabolism of Layer Chickens
Baosheng Sun,
Linyue Hou,
Yu Yang
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
149-156
Received:
30 September 2021
Accepted:
30 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Dietary fiber is important for the growth performance and health of chickens. However, chickens must rely on fiber-degrading bacteria to grade fiber into monosaccharides due to a lack of endogenous fiber-degrading enzymes. Some of monosaccharides are then fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by SCFA-producing bacteria. SCFAs further regulate the host metabolism via special G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) such as GPR43. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the impacts of adding dietary fiber on gut microorganisms and microbial metabolites-SCFAs of chickens. However, few works have focused on SCFA receptors and their impacts on metabolism of chickens. Understanding of this would help to explore how the dietary fiber affects chickens’ metabolism via SCFAs and their receptors. Given this, three different levels (0%, 1%, and 2%) of dietary fiber–eubiotic lignocellulose were added to the feed of ISA brown hens (IBH) for 0–8 weeks, with the aim of observing the effects of adding it on the gut microbiota, SCFAs, their receptors and metabolism of chickens. The results showed that the addition of 1% significantly increased the relative abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria Sutterella, Oscillospira and Lactobacillus panis and the production of SCFAs (P < 0.05). The primer sequences of the GPR43 and reaction conditions designed in this experiment were applied to chickens. However, because the difference of the concentration of SCFAs was not great among groups, there was no significant change in the relative expression of the GPR43 mRNA in the liver and cecum (P > 0.05), resulting in there being no significant difference among groups in the appetite metabolism indexes including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and glucose metabolism indexes including blood glucose and liver glycogen of chickens (P > 0.05). The addition of 1% eubiotic lignocellulose is beneficial to increase the relative abundance of some SCFA-producing bacteria and the production of SCFAs at 8 weeks. The effects of added eubiotic lignocellulose on the relative expression of GPR43 mRNA and the metabolism of chickens were slight.
Abstract: Dietary fiber is important for the growth performance and health of chickens. However, chickens must rely on fiber-degrading bacteria to grade fiber into monosaccharides due to a lack of endogenous fiber-degrading enzymes. Some of monosaccharides are then fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by SCFA-producing bacteria. SCFAs further regul...
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